SOME EXTREMELY COLD WINTERS ON BULGARIAN TERRITORIES /6-th -19th CENTURIES/ THROUGH HISTORYCAL DATA

There are data from different historycal sources concerning the extremaly cold winters on the territory of Bulgaria in the epoch before the instrumental meteorological measurements. These are messages for natural phenomenas, which could be assotiated direct or indirect to the extremely low winter temperatures like full surface freezing of Danube river, waterside freezing of Black Sea or direct messages for very cold winters. All these data ones are in context with different historycal events.
Without any exception all these above mentioned phenomenas come under the epochs of supercenturial solar minimums and are closely connected with the decreasing branches or near-minimal phases of the bicenturial solar cycles.


The supercenturial behaviour of solar activity on the basis of the data for the powers of 11-yr cycles in Schove's series. By the letters "O","W","S","M" the minimums of Oort-"O", Wolf-"W", Spoerer -"S" and Maunder -"M" are shown. The events wich are assotiated with extremely cold winters in Bulgarian Territories are mentioned trough the historycal data as follows : by circles - the freezing of Danube; by squares - waterside freezing of Black Sea; by triangle- Vladislav III Yagelo /king of Poland and Hungary/ stops the war against Turkey because of the very cold winter

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Vasil Zlatarski, History of the Bulgarian State in Middle Ages,.v 1-3,Nauka i Izkustvo, 1970-1972 , Sofia /in Bulgarian/

History of Bulgaria /authors cooperation/, 1961, v.1., Nauka i Izkustvo, Sofia /in Bulgarian/